Antibiotic Stewardship

Antibiotic Stewardship Reference

Definitions, preferred agents, and red flags for rational prescribing

These definitions are based on expert opinion and guideline-based criteria for assessing appropriateness of antimicrobial use. Source: Clin Infect Dis 2016;63(12):1639.

Inappropriate Use

Use of antimicrobials not recommended in treatment guidelines, OR use of antimicrobials to which the organism is resistant.

Examples:

  • Prescribing azithromycin for acute sinusitis (not guideline-recommended first-line)
  • Using amoxicillin for a known penicillin-resistant organism
  • Prescribing fluoroquinolones for uncomplicated UTI as first-line
Unnecessary Use

Use of antimicrobials for non-infectious disorders, non-bacterial infections, prolonged duration beyond clinical utility, or redundant therapy.

Examples:

  • Antibiotics for acute bronchitis (viral in >90% of cases)
  • Antibiotics for viral upper respiratory infection
  • Treating asymptomatic bacteriuria (except in pregnancy)
  • Continuing broad-spectrum therapy after culture identifies narrow-spectrum options
Suboptimal Use

Use of antimicrobials that could be improved in choice of drug, route of administration, or dosing.

Examples:

  • Using broad-spectrum when narrow-spectrum would suffice
  • IV antibiotics when oral bioavailability is adequate
  • Incorrect dosing for patient weight or renal function